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861.
Tamir Libel 《战略研究杂志》2020,43(5):686-709
ABSTRACT The strategic culture approach has been suffering from a prolonged theoretical stalemate, despite a surge in case studies, which culminated in the Johnston-Gray debate and subsequent schism. The present paper outlines a new approach designed to overcome this deadlock, and consists of three arguments. First, the three previous generations of strategic culture studies have failed to explain how strategic culture influences behaviour. Second, aligning strategic culture theory-building with discursive institutionalism offers a way to overcome this fundamental fallacy. Third, a research programme for strategic culture should draw on computational social science to enable it to present and test middle-range theories. 相似文献
862.
为选出合适的辅助离子源进行沉积制备c-BN薄膜,通过对高能和低能辅助镀膜离子源的重要性能进行比较研究之后,在单晶Si基体进行应用制备立方氮化硼薄膜,用红外光谱(FTIR)及光电子能谱(XPS)分析技术,对不同辅助离子源制备沉积的薄膜,进行比较表征,得出结论:低能辅助镀膜离子源,比高能辅助镀膜离子源更适用于制备立方氮化硼薄膜。 相似文献
863.
杨超 《武警工程学院学报》2010,(2):72-75
由美国发展心理学家、哈佛大学研究生院心理学教授霍华德·加德纳于1983年提出的多元智能理论,对外语教学的革新提供了新的视角。该理论与外语学科关系密切,其内涵比任何一种教学法都更加丰富。发展学生的多元智能,已经成为21世纪外语教学的一种趋势。多元智能理论指导下的大学英语教学模式,对发展现代大学英语教学具有现实意义。 相似文献
864.
Antti Seppo 《Defense & Security Analysis》2019,35(4):384-405
ABSTRACTGerman security and defence policy has undergone substantial transformation. This transformation requires an unprecedented level of political leadership, suggesting that Germany needs to solve the dilemma of how to supply leadership to increasingly demanding partners. What are the conditions under which German leadership can unfold in security and defence policy? To what degree do German role-conceptions of international agency and role-expectations of German leadership coincide? What kind of leadership outputs are produced? This study offers a comprehensive analysis of German security and defence policy in terms of supply (role conceptions) and demand (role expectations). We outline three leadership role conceptions present in the German strategic debate, which we then assess in the context of the Wendtian theory of cultures of anarchy. We then analyse Berlin's leadership in terms of outputs via the case study on Anchor Army and the Framework Nations Concept. We conclude that while Germany has tried to match leadership role expectations both rhetorically and in action, Berlin's leadership inputs have so far been insufficient. This has led to an imbalance in terms of role conceptions and expectations hampering effective German leadership in security and defence policy. 相似文献
865.
Ben Zweibelson 《Defence Studies》2016,16(1):68-88
Strategists and military professionals have previously questioned many of the methodological (theoretical underpinnings, the principles, and rules applied by the discipline) decisions associated with American military strategy, but the direction this essay takes is above and beyond the common methodological rivalries in how we pursue strategic desired future states. To get beyond methodological disputes entirely, we must consider thinking about our thinking as an organization on American strategy. Thus, this article hovers between philosophies, organizational theory, as well as our usually unquestioned belief in something called “strategy”. Questioning things about our basic understanding of the world tends to trigger strong organizational defense mechanisms, for good reason. Critical reflection at deep levels puts our worldview, and our role within it at stake. Nonetheless, as strategic disappointment emerges over multiple complex conflict developments, even the most cherished and guarded choices on how the world ought to work are ripe for critical inquiry. This essay examines the limited single strategic paradigm of the US defense industry and how the latest American National Security Strategy and Army Future Operating Concept (Win in a Complex World through 2030) presents a flawed strategic position. This essay presents valid alternative strategies that operate within different paradigmatic constructs. 相似文献
866.
姜洪尔 《中国人民武装警察部队学院学报》2010,26(6):65-69
利用政府重塑理论分析了我国消防管理模式的现状,指出近几年我国消防管理体制改革的思路和方向正是政府重塑理论所倡导的强调效率、注重“掌舵”而不是“划桨”的管理模式。针对我国现行消防管理体制存在的政府职能发挥不足、消防安全责任不明确、体制不顺的问题,结合我国国情和消防工作特点,借鉴政府重塑理论的思想精髓,提出了构建一个既“掌舵”又“划桨”的、充满竞争活力的、受效果驱动的、“企业行政”式的消防管理模式的改革思路。 相似文献
867.
868.
Philipp Münch 《Small Wars & Insurgencies》2018,29(4):709-734
Ethnicity and ideology are frequently used to determine whether an armed group is hostile or friendly vis-à-vis the state. By contrast, I argue that the social structure of insurgent movements holds more explanatory power for their respective positions than ethnicity or ideology. To illustrate this, I apply Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of a contest between forces of ‘conservation’ and forces of ‘heresy’ to the current Afghanistan war. I demonstrate that the social structure of the Taleban renders them prone to ‘heresy’, while the formerly second biggest insurgent group, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar’s party, has rather been an impeded force of ‘conservation.’ 相似文献
869.
Christopher Paul Colin P. Clarke Beth Grill Molly Dunigan 《Small Wars & Insurgencies》2016,27(6):1019-1042
Historically, insurgency is one of the most prevalent forms of armed conflict and it is likely to remain common in the foreseeable future. Recent experiences with counterinsurgency in Iraq and Afghanistan offer many lessons for future counterinsurgents, but the discourse on the subject continues to be mired in a traditional dichotomy pitting population-centric approaches to counterinsurgency against enemy-centric approaches. Historical analysis suggests that this traditional dichotomy is not a sufficiently nuanced way to understand or plan for such operations. Instead, discussions of counterinsurgency should focus on two dimensions: actions (use of physical force vs. political or moral actions) and targets (active insurgents vs. insurgent support). This perspective divides the space of possible counterinsurgency efforts into four quadrants, suggesting that effective counterinsurgency campaigns find a balance of effort across the four quadrants that is well matched to the specific context. 相似文献
870.